Welcome to the quarterly Communities, Conservation & Livelihoods REVIEW, from the Community Conservation Research Network.

The CCL REVIEW focuses on local communities engaging in conservation and environmental stewardship, to sustain their local ecosystems and economies, around the world – as well as how governments, and others, can best support these community initiatives.

The “Spotlight” section features contributions from the Community Conservation Research Network, while the “Digest” section presents the latest news and resources from a wide range of sources, including international organizations, NGOs, civil society and reputable media outlets.

You are welcome to explore CCRN’s wide range of resources on community conservation and livelihoods, at the Communities, Conservation & Livelihoods website. We also invite you to connect on X (Twitter) and Instagram to share some of these stories with friends and colleagues. Finally, for any questions or feedback, please contact us at CCRN@smu.ca.

Spotlight

The “Spotlight” section features new contributions from CCRN participants around the world.

Community-Based Land and Soil Conservation on Atauro Island, Timor-Leste

By Cintia Nascimento

In Timor-Leste, traditional rules, known as tara bandu, reflect customary law to manage the relationship between humans and between humans and natural resources (read more). Tara bandu has led to successful implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs). Now, on Atauro Island, community members, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the Timorese government have successfully started to implement water conservation and permaculture projects to improve land conservation and food security. As reported by the community leader of Vila Maumeta, Filipe Ximenes, these initiatives included community training with Permakultura Timor Leste (Permakultura Timor Lorosae – PERMATIL). The group trained community leaders from Vila Maumeta and Beloi villages by facilitating sustainable agriculture practices through permaculture systems aiming to conserve water resources, integrating pest prevention and agroforestry for farmers undertaking horticulture activities. As a country with a hot tropical climate with an extended dry season and without rivers, this training was an important initiative to help conserve crucial water sources available to local communities for drinking and watering crops, enabling communities to protect their environment and sustain their livelihoods.

Read the full story by Cintia Nascimento

Community Conservation Horizon Scan

A new ‘horizon scan’ has been produced, looking into the future of community-based conservation, to support development and strategy for effective community conservation over the next 15 years. The project, a collaborative effort spearheaded by the Wilder Institute, Calgary Zoo’s Conservation Team, identified key emerging themes related to six broad categories: global biodiversity policy; human and community rights; shifting human geography; diversity, equity, inclusion and inclusion access; conservation finance and income; and economic reform.

Many of the results fit with the goals and priorities of the Community Conservation Research Network, including increased recognition of Indigenous and community land tenure, resource management and cultural rights; power shifting from global, transnational, or neocolonial actors to local actors; co-creating knowledge across disciplines and cultures, elevating local and Indigenous perspectives; and increasing the diversity of conservation-compatible livelihoods.

To learn more about the project or to read the full briefing document, visit their website.

Members of the Community Conservation Research Network contributed to this project

A Message of Hope from One Indigenous Community to Another

When a group of Indigenous community members of the Carcross / Tagish First Nation from Yukon, Canada visited the Maasai of Ngorongoro and Elerai in Tanzania, everyone learned that their cultures are strikingly similar in the concepts, beliefs, and practices that underpin their traditions. The Yukon visitors met with Maasai people in Engaresero village at Lake Natron in northern Tanzania, then they travelled through Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, which are landscapes that were once Maasai homeland, taken away in the name of formal conservation and now reaping huge benefits for government and the private sector while the Maasai struggle. A final destination was the Maasai community of Elerai, located at the southern edge of the Maasai Steppe in central Tanzania. Discussions among the Indigenous peoples found common ground in the struggles they went through in safeguarding their ways of life.Read the full story

Maasai elders (centre) in Elerai, Tanzania sharing their traditional knowledge with Sean McDougall (Carcross / Tagish First Nation, Canada – far right) through a young community interpreter (Robert Sakinoi – far left).

Spotlight on Ocean Governance

Acknowledging the potential and current work that local communities and green leaders are undertaking in environmental conservation is an important topic. This Spotlight focuses on recently published articles from CCRN members that look at local leaders in conservation and how to recognize their contributions. From small-scale fishers’ efforts in stewardship and conservation to ensuring equity and justice are included when managing ocean resources, this Spotlight covers a range of articles that ensure ocean governance is an inclusive process.

A fish market in the Solomon Islands. Many of the examples in the SSF Stewardship initiative highlight the role of traditional knowledge in the practices of SSF communities, and the importance of abundant and rich biodiversity and ecosystems for the survival of small-scale fisheries.

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP BY SMALL-SCALE FISHERS

A major global initiative, the SSF-Stewardship project, highlights local environmental conservation and stewardship efforts being made by small-scale fishers around the globe. A recent issue of Samudra magazine provides a report on the project, a collaboration of Saint Mary’s University, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and global fisher organizations. The article, ‘Recognizing Green Leaders’ (Macnaughton, Hicks, & Charles, 2022) describes the many stewardship experiences of small-scale fishers, shown on the SSF-Stewardship website. Such examples range from Greece, where small-scale fishers are promoting sustainability of endangered crayfish, to South Africa, where small-scale fishers are protecting nearshore fisheries from the impacts of industrial activities. The project highlights these many efforts in protecting and caring for the natural environment, fishery resources and fishing livelihoods.

EQUITY AND JUSTICE IN THE OCEAN 

Spotlight on Natural Hazard Research

This Spotlight focuses on recently published articles relating to natural hazard and disaster risk management from members of the Community Conservation Research Network. The articles look at disaster risk reduction and how communities respond to natural hazards and disasters. A natural hazard is a natural phenomenon, such as hurricanes or wildfires, that might have a negative effect on humans, animals, or the environment. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.

When it comes to planning for disasters, Haque and his colleagues (2021) looked at the contributions of social learning to disaster risk reduction in ‘Social learning for enhancing social-ecological resilience to disaster-shocks: A policy Delphi approach’. Their findings indicated that “social learning is useful in preparing for and responding to specific disaster events through communication; sharing experience, ideas and resources; creating synergies for collective action and promoting resilience.”

Similarly, Lejano and his colleagues (2021) also look at disaster risk in ‘Co-production of risk knowledge and improvement of risk communication: A three-legged stool’. The authors look at the future of disaster risk reduction programs and the role of risk knowledge and risk communication, viewing the public as being a co-producer of risk knowledge. They argue that disaster risk reduction needs to be reconsidered based on research focusing on Indigenous and local knowledge, social learning, and narrative ways of knowing.

In ‘Factors influencing hazard management by municipalities: The case of coastal communities’, Lalancette and Charles (2022) focus on planning for hazards, looking at local-level experiences with hazard planning and the responses carried out by coastal municipalities. This research, based on a comprehensive survey of Canadian coastal municipalities, provides insights on how to reduce community vulnerability and support community resilience.

The articles by Paterson and Charles (2019) also focus on local-level responses to hazards, but on an international basis. ‘Community-based responses to climate hazards: typology and global analysis’ examines patterns in, and variations of, community-level adaptation and disaster mitigation strategies, supporting local-level climate change adaptation.

The article by Paterson and Charles on ‘A global comparison of community-based responses to natural hazards’ explores hazard responses used by communities around the world, and how communities in different parts of the world vary in their responses.

Read the Articles

Octopus fishery monitoring in Uwedikan Village, Indonesia. Photo by Christopel Paino.

Environmental Leadership by Small-Scale Fishers

Maasai Traditional Knowledge Mapping

Elders in the village working with community researchers to map traditional knowledge. Nov. 2018. Photo: E. Val

The Kesho Trust, a CCRN partner, has released a new publication: Mapping Loita Maasai Land Use and Occupancy, Enguserosambu, Tanzania – Mapping Maasai Life, for Maasai, by Maasai. The Kesho Trust worked on this with the Enguserosambu Forest Trust (EFT), which is the managing authority for the Enguserosambu community forest lands that are central to the protection of culture and livelihoods for the local communities in the area. A key activity has been a traditional knowledge mapping of cultural characteristics and use, a need underscored by Canadian First Nations communities to the EFT representatives who visited Canada in 2019. The traditional knowledge mapping project was carried out through interviews with over 50 elders and knowledge holders in the four Maasai communities of Enguserosambu Ward. The project was coordinated by Erik Val (Yukon, Canada), working with Julius Daniel, Koisikir Nangiria, Terere Tutayo, Anna Shololoi and Stephen Sitoi.

The final report is now available online on the Kesho Trust website:

http://www.thekeshotrust.org/cms/wp-content/images/EFT_LUO_mapping.pdf  

Citation: Val, Erik.  2021. Mapping Loita Maasai Land Use and Occupancy, Enguserosambu, Tanzania – Mapping Maasai Life, for Maasai, by Maasai.  Kesho Trust, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada pp. 96

Assessing environmental initiatives through an ecosystem stewardship lens

An environmental education workshop from the project “Our Paraitinga”. Photo: Akarui, São Luiz do Paraitinga, Brazil

New open-access research on environmental stewardship is available in a publication by Alice de Moraes, Terry Chapin and Cristiana Seixas: “Assessing environmental initiatives through an ecosystem stewardship lens”. The article analyzes and discusses 3 community-based environmental initiatives taking place in a rural watershed of southeast Brazil under the ecosystem stewardship framework. Knowledge, relational values and care are salient ingredients that shape the initiatives, combining in different ways. The initiatives promote complementary ecosystem stewardship practices at various levels in the territory, as they overlap in space and time and address a ‘mix’ of pressing and non-urgent issues. Besides developing an approach to assess ecosystem stewardship in practice, the paper brings the initiatives and local arrangements for managing and conserving natural resources and ecosystem services into the spotlight.

Read the full open-access article here:

https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss2/art29/

Digest

The “Digest” section presents the latest developments, and resources, assembled from a wide range of sources, including international organizations, NGOs, civil society and reputable media outlets.

Taloyoak land guardians take their experience to the sea

“Taloyoak’s land guardians are taking to the water. A group of six, including two youth, have expanded their duties to include oversight of the oceans and freshwater of the Boothia Peninsula region, where the community is located. Guardians are trained local experts who act as the eyes and ears of traditional lands and waters. They play a crucial role in Indigenous-led conservation and preservation efforts. The guardians are also tasked with monitoring and measuring the ocean and freshwater environments to track climate change impacts, species population health and diversity, as well as boat traffic. Combining traditional Inuit knowledge and western science methods is central to the guardian program. It allows members to build their own collections of data and observations, and strengthens the position of local Inuit as co-managers of their own lands and waters.”

Keep Reading (Nunatsiaq News)

Themes:
 ● Indigenous Issues ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Latino leaders on the power of community-led conservation

“A groundswell of support in El Paso has risen in recent years to restore and protect Castner Range as a national monument. In this binational town, where more than eight out of 10 residents identify as Latino or Hispanic, that groundswell could be a reflection of continued high levels of support for access to, and conservation of, public land in the broader Latino community. But also at work is the local leadership of those like Pastor Moses Borjas, who is part of a community-led campaign centered around improving access to nature for El Paso residents.”

Keep Reading (Hewlett Foundation)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment 

Indigenous Knowledge guides the conservation of culturally important plants 

“Since time immemorial, the Karuk tribe of northern California have managed their ancestral lands, over 400,000 hectares of open oak woodlands, meadows, and forested mountains along the middle section of the Klamath River. They used low-level fires to maintain a healthy landscape for the plants central to their culture. But after settlers arrived in California, stole their land, and outlawed the controlled burns, the landscape changed . . . Now, the costs of fire suppression and worsening climate change are clear: Wildfires and drought have damaged the landscape and plants used by the Karuk Tribe for food, fiber, and medicine. To chart a path toward restoring a healthier balance, Tribal members are working with academic researchers to inform western science with Indigenous Knowledge.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Cultures and Traditions ●Indigenous Issues  ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Climate & Environmental Changes

A wall that restores land and empowers communities in Niger

“Within a few years, the devastating effects of climate change and unchecked human activity consumed the ecosystems like a bushfire, and Dandakoye and his community members found themselves on degraded land with no vegetation or wildlife. In 2018, the Forest and Landscape Restoration Mechanism of FAO came to his community and chose Dandakoye to head the management committee in recognition of his commitment to finding solutions. He then mobilised more than 1 500 members of his community to participate in the FAO Cash for Work seeding and planting activities. The community grew grass fodder on this area and planted trees, such as jujubes, baobabs, palms and gum trees, that yield products for human use and consumption. Under his leadership, a total of 213 hectares were recovered in 77 days, providing farmers with income totalling approximately USD 66 000.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes:
 ● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

The Restoration Initiative: A Kenya Tana Delta story

“Hundreds of mangrove seedlings stand tall on a patchy stretch of land in Kipini, a settlement along the Tana River delta in Kenya. The newly planted seedlings reach skyward despite the scorching sun above while Riziki Bwanake, a village headwoman who was born and raised here, delicately tends to the plants . . .  Bwanake’s Kipini CFA strives to address the threats to mangroves, such as the unsustainable and illegal harvesting of mangrove trees, the clearing of forests for agriculture, sedimentation of mangrove areas and sea-level rise. The 89 members of the Kipini CFA have already planted close to 100 000 mangrove seedlings and have established two mangrove tree nurseries with over 50 000 seedlings. These efforts are helping preserve the nine-mangrove species found in the Tana River delta for improved prosperity within the region.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Livelihoods

Fishers in Flores Sea opt to limit harvest of overexploited sea cucumbers

“At the end of September, fishermen on Sapuka Island in eastern Indonesia’s Flores Sea made a surprising announcement. They would regulate their sea cucumber harvests, they declared, taking only those specimens above a certain size, and from clearly designated areas during clearly designated times of the year.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes
● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Livelihoods ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Forests for the future: making a lasting impact for people and forests in Asia and the Pacific

“Forests across Asia and the Pacific are particularly special, teeming with an abundance of birds and other wildlife. Sadly, this has not been enough to spare them from deforestation and illegal logging, but in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and The Philippines, this is starting to change thanks to local communities.”

Keep Reading (Bird Life International)

Themes:
● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Conserved Areas ● Cultures and Traditions ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment 

Women lead marine restoration efforts in the UNESCO Seaflower Biosphere Reserve

“It is no coincidence that this Colombian island is a world-class scuba diving destination with crystal clear waters, and a tourist hub visited by over a million people each year. But being so ‘in demand’ has a key downside: San Andres’ unique ecosystems and natural resources have been deeply impacted. Ms. Maya has been diving and working most of her life to protect the treasures of the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. She is the director of Blue Indigo Foundation, a women-led community organization that works towards the sustainable development of the San Andres Archipelago, and the protection and restoration of its marine ecosystems. She says she decided to create the foundation because she believes that the local community must lead the protection of its own resources.”

Keep Reading (UN)

Themes:
● Women & Gender ● Conserved Areas  ● Livelihoods ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Native species conservation bolstered by community-based seed banks 

“As most farmers turn to the market for seeds they hope will give them the maximum yield, Krishna Prasad Adhikari and other residents of the village of Maramche in Gandaki province, western Nepal, are opting for a variety that won’t necessarily do that. They’ve settled on a native rice variety well suited for the high altitude and wet climate. “We are trying to save our heritage,” says Adhikari, secretary of the Maramche Community Seed Bank, established in 2020 to conserve local 12 varieties of crops that include rice, cucumbers and maize.”

Keep Reading (Eco-Business)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Cultures and Traditions ● Livelihoods ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Indigenous voices demand an end to colonial conservation at Africa Protected Areas Congress

“Indigenous peoples and local communities used the IUCN Africa Protected Areas Congress in July as a key space to present an alternative vision of conservation using effective, indigenous and community-led solutions. Through key contributions to the Congress and independently developed declarations, they rejected colonial conservation practices and shared their perspectives, experiences and stories.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
 ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Indigenous Issues

Meet 3 Indigenous women fighting for the future of the Amazon

“Indigenous groups live in and manage more than a quarter of the Amazon basin. Within these communities, women take on many roles- from caretakers and mothers to teachers and healers. They are often also on the front lines of protecting the nature their communities rely on.” Meet three of these Indigenous conservation leaders in this article, including efforts to recover ancestral practices, fighting pollution, and protecting species.

Keep Reading (Conservation.org)

Themes:
 ● Women & Gender ● Indigenous Issues ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

A Conservation Project in Jamaica Puts Community First

“Often, environmental conservation comes across as a philosophy, or a political or moral conviction. The human element—the fact that people are relying on these same ecosystems for survival—is generally overlooked. But a large part of the magic and beauty that remains in Oracabessa is the result of efforts by local fishers. ‘I’ve been a registered fisherman since 1975, and I’ve seen the depletion,’ says Captain Murray, a vessel operator and warden at the Oracabessa Fish Sanctuary. ‘We saw the need to put something in place, because if you have a farm and you’re always harvesting without replacing new seedlings, it will run down.’”

Keep Reading (Yes Magazine)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ●  Engagement, Education & Empowerment ●  Livelihoods

Podcast: How marine conservation benefits from combining Indigenous knowledge and Western science

“Listen to two stories that show the effectiveness of combining traditional Indigenous ecological knowledge and Western science for conservation and restoration initiatives. Dr. Gary Paul talks about eelgrass, an ancestral food of the Comcaac people in the state of Sonora in Mexico, explaining why eelgrass is making a big comeback as a sustainable source of food for the Comcaac community and gaining international attention in the process. Dr. Sara Iverson discusses a research project called Apoqnmatulti’k that aims to better understand the movements of lobster, eel, and tomcod in Canada’s Atlantic coast. Iverson tells us why those study species were chosen by the Mi’kmaq people and why it’s so important that the project combines different ways of knowing.

Listen to the podcast (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Cultures & Traditions ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Indigenous Issues

On the frontlines of drought, communities in Mexico strive to save every drop of water

“‘Look up to the El Peral mountains. That is where we do our ritual ceremony to call for rain,’ says Josefina Santiago, 43, a Zapotec Indigenous leader. ‘We bury chocolate, flowers and a maize beverage called tejate to ask for gentle rainfall. We call ourselves water sowers: [we are] reclaiming our traditional rituals while developing absorption wells, water pans, and small dams.’ Sixteen Indigenous Zapotec communities in Mexico have created over 579 water infrastructure projects, including absorption wells, small dams and water pans, to conserve water in the Oaxaca Valley – a region impacted by recurrent droughts.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Cultures and Traditions ● Indigenous Issues

This Cuban Town Has A Sustainability Lesson to Share: La Picadora’s embrace of agroecology has fundamentally changed its landscape, both environmentally and economically

“In La Picadora, we see not only a microcosm of the changing agricultural realities in Cuba, but also an example of what such a shift towards small-scale agroecology might look like on the ground. On one hand, it would be a lie to say that La Picadora and surrounding communities are producing more agriculturally than they were before, at least by some metrics. The total acreage under production, for example, has dropped precipitously since the early 2000’s. On the other hand, it would be accurate to say that La Picadora and surrounding communities are producing differently than before and in ways that have more immediate benefits to the region.”

Keep Reading (Orion Magazine)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Livelihoods ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment

From waterworks to wild water park in community hands

“From a historic waterworks into a place for urban wild swimming, a community group in East London wants to buy up and rewild more than five hectares of concrete into a ‘brownfield rainforest’. The site in Walthamstow is currently a fenced-in public works depot for car parking and storage by the River Lea. But the East London Waterworks Park project aims to show the power of an environment-first, community-led approach to land ownership to transform the way we think about green spaces.”

Keep Reading (Resilience)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Conserved Areas  ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Why Africa Needs Community-Led Conservation | Resson Kantai Duff | TED

“Conservation efforts in Africa have typically been led by “parachute conservationists” — outsiders who drop in thinking they have all the answers, hire locals to implement them and then disappear. But conservationist Resson Kantai Duff has a better way to save wildlife in Africa: let locals lead these efforts themselves. She calls for a major shift in how conservation in Africa works, showing why the people closest to the land are the ones best fit to care for it.”

Watch the Talk (TED)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Conserved Areas ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Funding for women-led conservation remains tiny, but that’s changing fast

“Women-led NGOs are rare in many sectors, including climate change. Currently, 80% of climate philanthropy goes to NGOs led by men, according to a report by the Philanthropic Initiative for Racial Equity. And 90% of philanthropic funding for climate change goes to organizations led by white people . . . Initiatives such as the Wild Elements Foundation, Women’s Earth Alliance, Daughters for Earth and WE Africa are supporting women-led efforts around the world to protect and restore the environment through providing funding and publicity, as well as technical, entrepreneurial, and leadership skills.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
  ● Women & Gender ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

The frontline of conservation: how Indigenous guardians are reinforcing sovereignty and science on their lands

“Land-based activities are integral to Inuit culture. They play a key role in maintaining community wellbeing across the four regions of Inuit Nunangat, the expansive Inuit homeland . . . Related to these land-based activities and skills is an emerging Inuit-led conservation sector. It includes environmental management and scientific research, fisheries, food security and eco-tourism, areas where land-based skills can be used in innovative ways. And new policy programs and private sector investments could unlock their economic potential.”

Keep Reading (Policy Options)

Themes:
● Indigenous Issues ● Livelihoods ● Cultures and Traditions

More secure land tenure in Senegal lays the groundwork for agroecology and women empowerment

“Binta Ba is helping to lead a quiet green revolution in the fields of Mboro, where she lives. In this coastal region of Niayes, close to Senegal’s capital Dakar, she is training her fellow growers in agroecology, an integrated approach applying ecological and social concepts to sustainable agriculture, which turns a lot of conventional farming wisdom on its head.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes:
● Women & Gender ●  Engagement, Education & Empowerment ●  Livelihoods

Journalist Peter Martell on How Conservation Brought Kenyan Communities Together

“This group of people asked themselves, “How can we, as a democratic community, organize the land for us all?” In practical terms, that meant setting aside a small area for a community-owned tourist lodge. The money that came through the tourists would be reinvested into the lodge, to the staff, and a percentage would be plowed back into whatever the community decided to spend their money on—water, wells, education, roads, or what they thought was the most valuable in that budget year.”

Keep Reading (AFAR)

Themes:
● Livelihoods ● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment

In Tanzania, Carbon Offsets Preserve Forests and a Way of Life

“The Hadza people, often called “the last archers of Africa,” are selling carbon credits generated from conserving their forests and using the revenues to employ their youths as scouts to keep forest destroyers away. Starting this March, some 1,300 Hadza and members of the cattle-herding tribes with whom they share the Yaeda Valley of northern Tanzania, began receiving the first payments of what will be nearly half a million dollars annually from a local social enterprise, Carbon Tanzania, for protecting woodland hunting and grazing grounds across an area larger than New York City.”

Keep Reading (Yale Environment 360)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Livelihoods ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Indigenous-led conservation aims to rekindle caribou abundance and traditions

“It’s been many years since community members from West Moberly First Nations last ate caribou meat from their traditional territory. Southern Mountain Caribou haven’t been hunted by this community in central British Columbia since it voluntarily decided to stop hunting them in the 1970s . . . An Indigenous-led effort to increase caribou abundance and cultural practices such as hunting is reshaping ideas about the best approach for caribou recovery and is successfully increasing the caribou population in B.C. every year. When I joined this project in 2020, there were 87 caribou. This number has now crossed 114 and is growing daily. In fact, we expect the birth of 20-30 calves this spring.”

Keep Reading (The Conversation)

Themes:
● Cultures & Traditions ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Indigenous Issues

It’s Time to Decolonize Conservation

“When setting quotas for salmon fishing, the Wuikinuxv focus on the whole ecosystem. They ensure that there is enough salmon for local people’s food and cultural needs, but also that there is enough for bears. Commercial fisheries are a secondary concern. Why bears? Like many First Nations in British Columbia living in grizzly bear habitats, the Wuikinuxv consider grizzlies to be close relatives, which is one reason they look out for them. But they also understand that ensuring bears get enough salmon means less human-bear conflict. It also means that there will be enough salmon for marine predators such as orcas, who take their cut before the fish swim upstream to spawn. Plus, grizzlies with enough salmon will carry the fish into the forest where their remains feed other species and, ultimately, decay and fertilize the trees.”

Keep Reading (The TYEE)

Themes:
● Wildlife & Fisheries ●  Cultures & Traditions ●  Indigenous Issues

Agritourism promotes food traditions in Palau

“Rose Ongalibang shows off the pinkish-purple powder in a small bag. “It’s taro flour,” explains the genial retiree at her home on Palau’s largest island, Babeldaob . . . The slow food community, which Rose and a group of her female neighbours started last year, is an example of how Palau’s Sustainable Tourism Value Chain Programme is being put into action with FAO support. For the community members, it’s a chance to refocus on taro cultivation traditions, while also finding new, innovative uses for the product.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes
● Women & Gender ● Cultures & Traditions ● Livelihoods

Protecting wildlife and Indigenous Peoples’ livelihoods in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

“Since the dawn of time, the Mbuti people have lived in harmony with this incredible biodiversity. Their survival depends on a healthy ecosystem, and their food system and livelihoods support that. Their hunting practices ensure that a natural balance remains, keeping the ecosystem in check, while wild meat offers the communities an important source of protein, fat and micronutrients.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Livelihoods ● Indigenous Issues ● Cultures and Traditions

A community in Mexico reforests its land against the advance of illegal logging

“In recent years, illegal logging and the establishment of illegal sawmills have hacked away at the forests in and around the national park. Nueva Vaquería sits in the middle of it all. Of its fewer than 800 residents, 87 are members of the local ejido, a system of communally managed farm. And it’s through this system that the community has achieved what once seemed impossible: restoring their forest and sustainably managing their forested land.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
  ● Indigenous Issues ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Conserved Areas ● Cultures and Traditions

Women building a sustainable future: fighting back the desert, amid Niger’s refugee and climate crises

“In the dusty plains outside Ouallam, a town some 100 kilometres north of Niger’s capital Niamey, verdant rows of vegetables sprout from the soil in neat plots. Adding further contrast to the parched surroundings, women in bright shawls walk among the rows, checking irrigation pipes and adding a splash of water to any thirsty-looking specimens. “We did this all together with the different communities: the refugees, the displaced, and the local community of Ouallam. We are very happy to work together,” says 35-year-old Rabi Saley, who settled in the area after fleeing armed attacks in her hometown Menaka, 100 kilometres further north across the border in Mali.”

Keep Reading (UN)

Themes:
● Women and Gender ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Livelihoods ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Snow Leopard Network Webinar: Women & Community Conservation

“Across the range, snow leopards and people share space. Engaging with local communities is essential for snow leopard conservation. Community based programmes tend to engage with men largely due to social norms and existing power structures. This often results in excluding women, who are important stakeholders and form almost 50% of the adult population, from conservation action and decision making. In this webinar, we explore how to better engage women in conservation programs across the snow leopard landscape. We hear examples from existing programs that specifically target women and discuss how conservation programs can themselves shift social norms around gender equality (positively or negatively). We also examine the key role of policy in transforming community based programs through incorporating gender sensitive approaches.”

Watch the Video (YouTube)

Themes:
● Women and Gender ● Wildlife and Fisheries ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Red River Métis IPCAs

“The Manitoba Métis Federation is establishing two Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs) in the Red River region (Kettle Hills Blueberry Patch IPCA and Thompson Region Protected Area). Moderated by Eli Enns, we heard from Minister Will Goodon (Minister of Housing & Property Management, Manitoba Métis Federation), Riley Bartel (Conservation Coordinator, Manitoba Métis Federation) and Jessica Lagimodière (IPCA Project Officer, Manitoba Métis Federation) as they shared Métis knowledge, culture and identity and how these are woven into the vision for these IPCAs.”

Watch the Webinar (CRP)

Themes
● Indigenous Issues ● Conserved Areas ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Cultures and Traditions

Indigenous Women’s Leadership Series: The Trailblazers of Conservation

“On Tuesday, March 8, 2022, in collaboration with the IISAAK OLAM Foundation and the Indigenous Leadership Initiative, we celebrated and honoured Indigenous women trailblazers of all ages in conservation leadership in a special session to commemorate International Women’s Day. Moderated by Valérie Courtois (Indigenous Leadership Initiative), this intergenerational discussion explored the contributions of fearless Indigenous women who have forged a path before us, who are currently leading the way, and who are shaping the future of Indigenous conservation leadership. This dialogue explored stories of breaking barriers, activating change, uplifting the principle of ‘love’ and asserting responsibilities to protect, restore, and reinvigorate the gifts of Earth Mother for current and future generations.”

Watch the Webinar (CRP)

Themes:
● Indigenous Issues ● Women and Gender ● Cultures and Traditions ●   Engagement, Education & Empowerment

‘Reimaanlok’: The Future of Community-led Ocean Conservation in Marshall Islands

“‘Reimaanlok’ is a Marshallese term that means ‘look towards the future’. . . Traditional cultural practices in Marshall Islands have always promoted conservation and sustainable resource management. In return, the Marshallese have been nurtured by the islands, atolls, and ocean around them for thousands of years. The Reimaanlok promotes cultural insights held by local leaders and communities and augments them with rigorous scientific studies of the local environment. This approach empowers well-informed, community-led conservation.”

Keep Reading (World Bank)

Themes:
  ● Indigenous Issues ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Conserved Areas ● Cultures and Traditions

Mangrove conservation takes root with local communities on Kenya’s coast

“Every morning, members of the community-based organisation called the Brain Youth Group gather here to tend mangrove nurseries, plant seedlings, and harvest seeds. Mostly young women, they start early to take advantage of the cool morning temperatures, weaving across the soft, sinking mud to the restoration site of the day, their colorful kangas hitched up on their waists. Today, the main task is to transplant mangrove seedlings from nurseries into designated plots.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Livelihoods ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Conserved Areas ● Women and Gender

The Restoration Initiative: A Cameroon story

“In the Aissa Hardé village in the Far North Region of Cameroon, Mamma Salamatou tends to the rows of tiny seedlings in plastic bags growing under awnings – protection from the blistering sun that bakes this landscape of grasslands and trees for much of the year. One of several community members working in partnership with the TRI Cameroon restoration project – she is also a pioneer. In this largely conservative part of Cameroon, it is uncommon for women to take on work and responsibilities outside the household. Mamma Salamatou was the first woman to join the local Madadakouda Common Initiative Group (CIG) that serves as a local governing board for the community, and she has played a key role in encouraging other women from her village to participate in the CIG and TRI project-supported restoration work.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Women and Gender ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Livelihoods

K’ómoks Guardians: Caretakers for the Land of Plenty

“Established in 2014, the K’ómoks Guardians monitor, restore, document, patrol, and protect their territory and all the species therein. Their work sustains the ecosystem, protects cultural values, and supports the K’ómoks people. . . Since time immemorial, their lands and waters have provided salmon, herring, duck, shellfish, berries and so much more. In return, the K’ómoks applied harvesting, preparation, and cultivation techniques to ensure the well-being of their environment and people.”

Keep Reading (Coast Funds)

Themes:
● Indigenous Issues ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment

Madang women take lead in mangrove conservation

“The group of women led by Budai Timon and supported by the community based organization Madang Forest Resources Owners’ Association (MFROA) initiated the mangroves conservation and rehabilitation project with an aim to help the local community and support the government and contribute to addressing climate change, a global issue.”

Keep Reading (Post-Courier)

Themes:
● Women and Gender ● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Livelihoods

Bhutan’s ‘spicy’ journey to preserve the country’s taste for chilli peppers

“Farmers win the battle against climate and terrain to start domestic chilli cultivation. They soon faced their first hurdle. Chillies in the nurseries started dying due to the high temperature and humidity of the area. To resolve the issues, the farmers adopted a different potting method. Encouraged by this success, the farmers started using other sustainable technologies that had been provided by the FSAPP to improve the crop yield, including drip irrigation facilities and protective coverings for the plants.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes:
  ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Cultures and Traditions

In DRC, community ownership of forests helps guard the Grauer’s gorilla

“The Congolese government has officially recognized community ownership of a conservation area linking two national parks in the Democratic Republic of Congo, giving hope for the survival of the Grauer’s gorilla, a critically endangered species. The Nkuba Conservation Area is co-managed by local communities and the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, with the latter providing jobs and training initiatives for women.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Wildlife and Fisheries ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Fish sanctuaries and community support for conservation of Meghalaya’s mahseer

“The chocolate mahseer, listed as a Near Threatened species in the IUCN Red List, is thriving in the Nengmandalgre Fish Sanctuary − one of the 79 pocket fish sanctuaries in the state, completely managed by the local communities. The conservation success is the result of seven decades of Meghalaya’s tryst with fish conservation.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay India)

Themes:
● Wildlife and Fisheries ● Conserved Areas ● Cultures and Traditions

Podcast: Reforestation done right, from Haiti to Honduras and Ho Chi Minh City

“Erin Axelrod is the project director for Trees For Climate Health, and joins the discussion to share the program’s “right tree, right place, right community” approach, and why local community-based reforestation is key to success. Reforestation projects they support from Haiti to Honduras, Madagascar and South Dakota are also discussed.”

Listen to the podcast (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Climate & Environmental Changes ● Cultures and Traditions

Restoring ecosystems and tiger populations in Bhutan

The programme is supporting not only tigers but local communities and their livelihoods because we realize that the two are interdependent, and both are affected by the impacts of climate change. Grassland restoration is a community effort involving local forestry and livestock officials. Herders and farmers identify locations that were once grassland and need to be restored. Communities decide which grass species are sown in the cleared patches of land.”

Keep Reading (UNEP)

Themes:

● Livelihoods ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment  ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Protecting people and biodiversity: Addressing gender-based violence (GBV) and conservation links

“Biodiversity is essential to the well-being of humanity and the health of our planet, but it cannot be protected to the best of our ability unless conservation efforts also address gender equality and recognise women’s human rights. Women have an important lead role to play in conservation and the sustainable and equitable access and control of natural resources. By improving gender equality and reducing risk of GBV, the RISE Challenge and other global efforts will ensure that they are able to fulfill that critical role.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Women and Gender ● Climate Change & Environment

Community restores grasslands in Lamkani, making the village drought-resilient

“’Twenty years ago, we did not have 10 litres of milk available in Lamkani village in Dhule district. Today, Lamkani sells about 3,000 litres of milk to Dhule every day,’ boasts Dhananjay Newadkar, who, in 2000, initiated a watershed development programme to solve the water scarcity problems of the people of his village.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
 ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Climate & Environmental Change ● Livelihoods

As pandemic pounded Peru, one region thrived on coffee, carbon

“Supported by Conservation International, in partnership with local communities and the Peruvian government, the Alto Mayo REDD+ initiative uses proceeds from the sale of carbon credits to finance voluntary conservation agreements. The pacts aim to galvanize community support. They provide coffee growers living in the protected forest with agricultural training, financial skills and access to specialty-grade coffee markets. In exchange, the farmers commit to zero net deforestation.”

Keep Reading (Conservation.org)

Themes:
● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Climate & Environmental Change ● Livelihoods

Brazil court orders illegal miners booted from Yanomami Indigenous Reserve

“A court in Brazil has ordered the federal government to remove all illegal gold miners from an Indigenous reserve in the Amazon, following at least five days of attacks and intimidation by miners on a local community. However, the government has still not complied with the May 17 ruling . . . More than half of the environmental degradation caused by mining in the reserve is concentrated along the Uraricoera River, where Palimiú is located, according to a report published earlier this year by the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), a nonprofit that defends the rights of Indigenous and traditional people.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes

● Indigenous Issues ● Conserved Areas ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Climate & Environmental Changes

Giving back to seagrass

“In the Trang province of southern Thailand, seagrass is more than just food and jobs – it enables communities to uphold their cultural identity. Now it’s time to give back . . . Our interactive seagrass events are an important step in building knowledge and unearthing some of the needs, opportunities and challenges to seagrass conservation from the community perspective. So far, we’ve hosted two – one in Koh Mook and another in Mod Ta Noi, where both communities have rich seagrass areas and a dependency on small-scale fishing.”

Keep Reading (Blue Ventures)

Themes:

● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Gender is linked to the biodiversity and climate crises. When will our policies reflect this?

“At the IUCN World Conservation Congress, the Union’s 1,400 Member organisations democratically determine the most pressing issues in nature conservation and agree actions to address them. But very few of the motions proposed for Congress in September 2021 meaningfully consider the connections between biodiversity conservation and gender equality.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Climate Change & Environment

Women Are Becoming Agents of Change in Indonesian Fisheries 

“Octopus fisheries provide critical opportunities for women. Wa Dimba is an octopus fisher in Darawa, a small coastal village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. When the tide is low and reef areas become exposed, Dimba ventures into the water with her metal spear and gleans for octopus. Her fishing skills were passed down through generations”.

Keep Reading (Walton Family Foundation)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

MARPLASTICS: Telling the stories of small-scale Circular Economy initiatives in Eastern and Southern Africa – making change for good 

“Through the capacity component of the Marine Plastics and Coastal Communities (MARPLASTICCs) project, IUCN has supported  various Circular Economy initiatives aiming at reducing plastic leakage into the marine environment. As part of this effort, a new video showcases three of these projects within the Eastern and Southern Africa region. The video shares the work of local communities in Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa. Implemented in the local context and engaging communities, these initiatives play a role in filling the social equity gap currently prevailing in the Circular Economy”.

Watch the Video (IUCN)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Livelihoods ● Places & Spaces

Award-winning Thai community continues the fight to save its wetland forest

“A village leader, Srongpol lives in Ban Boon Rueang, a town in Thailand’s northern Chiang Rai province. Nestled between the Doi Yao mountain range and the lower reaches of the Ing River, a 260-kilometer (160-mile) tributary of the Mekong, Ban Boon Rueang is an unassuming town with an agrarian lifestyle that goes back generations. But in recent years, community members have been roused to take action to protect the surrounding nature that provides them with sustenance and secures spiritual connections to their ancestors”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Livelihoods ● Places & Spaces

New global platform connects small-scale fishers to promote sustainability and improve livelihoods 

“A new online portal launched this week to promote more sustainable small-scale fisheries. Developed by a global coalition of fisheries organisations, the interactive site connects fishers, fishworkers, communities and allies worldwide to share and learn together”.

Keep Reading (Blue Ventures)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

How shea products are boosting Ghanaian women’s livelihoods

“An FAO training has been a turning point in Rita’s shea business. Now she is an advocate and employer of other rural women, promoting sustainable livelihoods that can offset deforestation in her region”.

Keep Reading (Landscape News)

Themes
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

In a Nepali wetland, a traditional craft helps a community earn a livelihood and keeps invasive weeds in check

“To the officials of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, water hyacinths and bulrush are destructive invasive plants that disturb the aquatic ecosystems of Nepal’s only wildlife reserve. But to Rudridevi Sardar, they are what sustains her livelihood”.

Keep Reading (The Third Pole)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Indigenous Issues ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

On a Philippine island, Indigenous women get their say on marine conservation 

“MANILA — In the Philippines, the fishing industry has long been considered male territory, with fathers, sons and brothers taking their boats out to sea each day in hopes of catching tuna, blue marlin, or sea bass. A closer look, however, reveals that women play an equally significant role”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Rosewood conservation: a success story from Madagascar

“For Madagascar farmer Edmond, who goes by one name, it was a breakthrough. In 2019 he perfected a complicated technique to grow a rare species of tree known as Dalbergia normandii. The plants hail from a valuable, and difficult-to-propagate family of trees known as rosewoods, which have been felled near to the point of extinction in many parts of Madagascar”.

Keep Reading (United Nations Environment Programme)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

Indigenous groups celebrate new solar farm in Fort Chipewyan

“An Indigenous-owned clean energy company in northern Alberta has finished work on what it says is Canada’s largest solar farm in a remote community. Three Nations Energy or 3NE is jointly owned by the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Mikisew Cree First Nation, and Fort Chipewyan Métis Association. On Tuesday, a small event was held to celebrate completion of the solar project in Fort Chipewyan”.

Keep Reading (Cabin Radio)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Indigenous Issues ● Livelihoods

A decade and a half of learning from Madagascar’s first locally managed marine area

“While the participatory management of small scale fisheries has been widely promoted, we have limited understanding of the factors influencing its effectiveness. Here, we highlight lessons learnt from the implementation of Madagascar’s first locally managed marine area (LMMA), drawing on our insights and experiences as staff of a co-managing nongovernmental organization (NGO)”.

Keep Reading (Conservation Science and Practice)

Themes
●Conserved Areas ●Engagement, Education & Empowerment ●Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Farmers could substantially boost productivity by conserving soil biodiversity – IUCN report

“By increasing the biodiversity of soils through sustainable practices, farmers could deliver substantial benefits for food and water security as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, according to a new IUCN report published today. An annual increase of just 0.4% in the carbon content of agricultural soils, which is a key indicator of soil biodiversity, over the next 30 years could potentially boost global production of three major crops – maize, wheat and rice – by up to 23.4%, 22.9% and 41.9% per year respectively, according to the report“.

Keep Reading (International Union for Conservation of Nature)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

Innovative community-based conservation model gains traction in Patagonia’s natural areas

“A group of local residents in the remote Chilean commune of Río Ibáñez achieved an important milestone this week when the local government agreed to support a request that the national government designate El Avellano Mountain Range as a Protected National Asset—which, if granted, will give the group the right to sustainably manage the land”.

Keep Reading (Pew Charitable Trust)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Places & Spaces

Tan Telolti’k: How we are doing now

“This report was commissioned to describe the initiation of an exploratory study gathering Mi’kmaw views from all five communities in Unama’ki – Eskasoni, Membertou, Potlotek, Wagmatcook, and We’koqma’q – regarding what they think is important to include in a management plan for Mi’kmaq led Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs). The study used the Kluskap Wilderness area as a case study to eventually develop what could be used as a template for management frameworks for other IPCAs in Unama’ki”.

Keep Reading (Unama’ki Institute of Natural Resources)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Indigenous Issues

Mangrove restoration in Haiti moves up a gear

““To reduce the overexploitation of natural resources, the project set about creating sustainable livelihoods with the development of agroforestry, beekeeping, cashew processing, aquaculture and sustainable fishing. The aim was to promote environmental management and socio-economic conditions by boosting the capacities of the local population to develop and enforce rules for the exploitation of environmental resources. The active involvement of local partners and community members was key.”

Keep Reading (United Nations Environment Programme)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Climate-resilience project helps farmers thrive in Mozambique

“In early 2020 the Coastal Resilience to Climate Change (CRCC) project supported two communities from Mozambique’s Inhassoro district to develop conservation agriculture projects, trained them on good farming practices and provided them with agricultural inputs.  A recent visit by His Excellency Henriques Bongece, Mozambique Vice Minister for Sea, Inland Water and Fisheries revealed that the communities are practicing sustainable agriculture as an alternative source of livelihood, generating extra income and improving their livelihoods and ecosystems health”.

Keep Reading (International Union for Conservation of Nature)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

From sofa to seabed: virtual training to explore marine life

“In Scotland’s Year of Coasts and Waters, NatureScot wants to encourage more people to get involved in recording and monitoring their local marine life. The Community-led Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Handbook – Scotland’s first “how to” guide – has been developed including comprehensive information and resources for planning and carrying out surveying and monitoring”.

Keep Reading (Nature Scot)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Mangrove forest restoration boosts Costa Rica communities (commentary)

“Twenty years ago, I collected between 600 to 800 a day – now I’m lucky if I can harvest 150.” Adrian Torres holds a black, shining, wrinkled mollusk (Anadara tuberculosa) the size of a small chicken egg. It is known as the “mud cockle,” or here along Costa Rica’s Pacific coast, as the piangua”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Malawi study shows how dependency on bushmeat hunting can be reduced

“Bushmeat hunting and consumption, where wild animals are harvested for food, is a danger to wildlife around the world. Harvesting for human consumption is the largest threat to 98% of large species threatened with extinction. It’s rated by conservation professionals as the top threat to wildlife in protected areas across Africa”.

Keep Reading (The Conversation)

Themes:   
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

A Brazilian forest community shows certified timber really does work

“For the forest communities of Tapajós National Forest in the heart of the Amazon, running a sustainable and profitable timber business seems like an impossible dream. Yet they’ve been doing it now for 15 years, here in the most visited conservation area in the state of Pará, which has the highest deforestation rate in Brazil”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

Coral reef conservation and the communities leading the way

“Major policy shifts are needed to prevent the destruction of the reefs, but for now, coastal communities are having an impact and the reduction in tourism due to COVID-19 is offering some breathing space”.

Keep Reading (Inside Indonesia)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

Beyond tourism: investing in local communities to protect Africa’s wild spaces

“For ten years, Dixon Parmuya has guided tourists on bush walks around Amboseli National Park in Southern Kenya. But since COVID-19 swept through Kenya in mid-March, the country’s tourism industry has dwindled, leaving many locals without jobs and animals without protection”.

Keep Reading (United Nations Environment Programme)

Themes:   
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

COVID underscores the urgency of holistic community-based approaches to conservation (commentary)

“Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on vulnerable communities in the Global South go far beyond the looming public health emergency.  The broader economic and environmental ramifications are of profound importance to biodiversity conservation. How the conservation movement responds will determine our relevance and credibility in the eyes of many communities who depend on nature for their survival”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:  
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods 
● Wildlife & Fisheries

The coronavirus threat to wildlife tourism and conservation 

“I wrote a Global Guide to Ecotourism when I was a young journalist in Japan. The premise now sounds obvious but in Japan at that time it was still a new concept. Tourism relies on its destination’s natural and human assets. It should not destroy these assets but sustain, improve and expand them, for the benefit of all”.

Keep Reading (UNDP)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Sustainable Futures: Communities in Action

“…is an uplifting film that highlights the power of community. Through the lens of four communities, from across the globe, the film encourages a discussion around rethinking the paths to sustainability. The film takes you from a neighbourhood of urban Halifax, in eastern Canada, to Nuu-chah-nulth territory on Canada’s west coast, and from the community of Papendorp, South Africa, to the island of Koh Pitak, in Thailand – exploring in each case how communities deal with food, resource, and livelihood challenges”.

Watch Video Here (CCRN)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

From land evictions to intensive agriculture: the struggle to reconnect Ogiek beekeepers to the Mau forest environment

“Beekeeping has been traditionally part of the economy, culture, and identity of many rural communities living in sub-Saharan Africa… The history of the Ogiek beekeepers living in the Mau forest complex is a clear example of how social, political and environmental changes have disrupted the connection between local people and the environment, thus reshaping the livelihoods of local communities, eroding their cultural identity and affecting biodiversity”.

Keep Reading (Slow Food)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

My cattle, your rhinos: South Africa’s poverty-and-wildlife conundrum

“Kruger National Park, a flagship national park, is almost the same size as Belgium. It’s a haven for wildlife and a cornerstone of South Africa’s tourism economy but the park and the communities around its borders represent the global front line in the battle against rhino poaching”.

Keep Reading (UNEP)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Sebeya river protection contributes to the citizens’ sustainable development

“The Government of Rwanda through the Rwanda Water Resources Board in collaboration with International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Netherlands Development Organization (SNV) are implementing the Embedding Integrated Water Resources Management project which is restoring the landscape and promoting scaleable sustainable resource management through participatory community-based (village and farmer level) approaches in the Sebeya catchment”.

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:   
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

A tale of two Nigerian reserves underscores importance of community

“IKPAKO, Nigeria — Dark stumps of half-charred trees, dry cassava stems and dead tree trunks cover a large swath of land on the way to Ikpako, a small farming enclave outside the Gele-Gele and Ekenwan forest reserves in Nigeria’s southern state of Edo. Ikpako is 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the trip’s starting point in Evorokho, but the muddy road riddled with potholes opaque with brown water makes the trip long and arduous”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Conserved Places ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

Catch monitoring is not just about data, it’s a way to engage entire communities 

“In the village of Mremani, the sun is shining high over the reef flat uncovered by a particularly low tide and today, there’s cause for celebration. After a three month periodic octopus fishery closure, it’s reopening day in the village, located on the beautiful island of Mohéli in the Comoros archipelago. Scattered across the reef flat, I can see crowds of octopus fishers enjoying the rewards of their replenished fishery – for the people of Mremani, they are seeing the results of a periodic closure for the first time. Sheltered by mango and palm trees, the beach is buzzing with activity and exclamations of joy and laughter as the fishers from the nearby villages make their way home from what has been a particularly fruitful day of fishing”.

Keep Reading (Blue Ventures)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Nam Yuam Water Diversion

“One community in Thailand is fighting to protect the Yuam river— and their way of life— from an environmentally hazardous dam project”.

Watch Video Here (Earth Rights International)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

A review of the threat of oil exploitation to mangrove ecosystem: Insights from Niger Delta, Nigeria

“This paper reviews the impacts of land contamination on mangrove ecosystems and socio-economic activities of local communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A framework for mangrove conservation in the coastal communities is also proposed, with emphasis on the need to develop the capacity of a critical mass of locals and provide low-to medium-level manpower in mangrove restoration in the Niger Delta region”.

Keep Reading (Science Direct)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

Building resilient communities in Belize through climate-smart agricultural practices 

“As the effects of climate change become more obvious in weather pattern alterations influencing agricultural yields, so do the resilient farming practices that are being adapted to strengthen the agricultural sector. Since forests are sources of livelihoods for Mayan communities, agricultural advances promoting forest conservation and good governance are viewed as socially and environmentally responsive approaches to rural development. Cacao-based agroforestry is a long-term solution to improve our forests’ health and livelihoods in southern Belize”.

Keep Reading (Parks Stewardship Forum)

Themes
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

Community Science: A typology and its implications for governance of social-ecological systems 

“There is an increasing recognition globally of the role to be played by community science –scientific research and monitoring driven and controlled by local communities, and characterized by place-based knowledge, social learning, collective action and empowerment. In particular, community science can support social-ecological system transformation, and help in achieving better ‘fit’ between ecological systems and governance, at local and higher levels of decision making”.

Keep Reading (ScienceDirect)

Themes:  
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Coastal Communities at the Ready

“Coastal Communities… At the Ready is a new 13-minute film that explores how coastal communities across Canada and around the world are preparing for, and responding to, a range of climate change impacts and other hazards hitting the coast. That includes everything from hurricanes and other extreme weather, to floods and erosion, to tsunamis and oil spills. Through the experiences in two coastal communities – Tofino (British Columbia) and District of Clare (Nova Scotia) – the film highlights how communities can prepare for hazards, and adapt to climate change, with a focus on the tools and knowledge that can lead to success. The film provides communities, policy makers, politicians and the general public with a better understanding of the issues and challenges coastal communities face, and especially how they can overcome these challenges”.

Watch Here (CCRN)

Themes:  
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Livelihoods ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Vegetation gardens bring veritable gains for women in climate-struck Cambodia  

“On the road winding into Chreng village in Cambodia’s Pursat province, a group of boys are playing volleyball on an arid plot of land as villagers watch and cheer. Around the corner, 24-year-old Lang Sokang is knee-deep in mulch, unearthing weeds and planting herbs in her garden. Her younger sisters are perched precariously on a wooden platform that serves as a makeshift greenhouse. The girls are carefully transplanting the saplings into little organic cups. In two weeks, the saplings will be ready to be planted in the ground. The sisters tend to the garden after returning from the rice fields in the morning. While they work steadily, a group of men from the village are drinking nearby in merry revelry”.

Keep Reading (UNEnvironmentProgram)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Education, Engagement & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

Putting people at the heart of peatland conservation efforts in Borneo 

“Some five hours from Palangkaraya, the capital of the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo, lies a hidden treasure: thousands of hectares of peatland containing black-muddy material that is key in the fight against climate change… It is difficult to get to this peatland area that lies between the Katingan and Mentaya Rivers… But in this area deep in the heart of Borneo, one of the world’s biggest peatland conservation and restoration projects is underway with local communities at its center.”

Keep Reading (ForestNews)

Themes

● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods

To save Cross River gorillas, EU-funded program aims to empower communities

“By supporting programs aimed at securing the economic well-being of communities in Nigeria’s Cross River state, the European Union hopes to help protect Cross River gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli), Africa’s most threatened great ape… by securing their habitat and reducing human-driven pressures that threaten their long-term survival. The funding will serve to augment and expand existing livelihood programs led by WCS and the Nigeria National Park Service”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Paying the school fees, one butterfly at a time

“Once upon a time, there was a tropical forest that stretched all the way from Somalia to Mozambique. Today, there isn’t much left. In Kenya all that’s left of the forest is 42,000 hectares on the coast called the Arabuko Sokoke Forest… In order to preserve this unique forest, the Kenya Forest Service decided to work with local communities in line with the 2005 Forest Act which states that communities whose livelihood depends on the forest around them should be included in all decisions about the forest.”

Keep Reading (UNEnvironmentProgram)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

Mexico: Community forestry boosts conservation, jobs, and social benefits 

“Laura Jiménez, Manuel Herrera and Elías Santiago grew up in a land where elders proudly related how they managed to recover their forests, hearing them recount how the Mexican government had allowed private companies to take advantage of the wood from trees that grew in their communities’ territories for two decades. This ended in the late 1970s and early ’80s when the towns forced the companies out, demonstrating that they could manage their forest resources”.

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Conserved Areas ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Places & Spaces

Local Communities Conserve Their Environment, Support Their Economy 

“This animation video explores how local communities take action to conserve the natural environment they depend on, and sustain their local economies and livelihoods. Focusing on the experiences of two communities, the Eastport Peninsula in Canada and Koh Pitak in Thailand, the animation video highlights community efforts to restore ecosystems, safeguard important natural areas, and diversify economies – all of this making the environment and community livelihoods more sustainable for current and future generations. In emphasizing the important contribution of local communities to environmental conservation, the video also notes the need for the right kind of government support to community initiatives”.

Watch Here (CCRN)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods

Ingredients for Success – Communities Linking Conservation and Livelihoods

“Here is the 2nd of CCRN’s animation videos… focusing on the ingredients of success for local communities engaged in environmental conservation, to make their communities, and their livelihoods, more sustainable for current and future generations. This animation video explores what it takes for success in community conservation – to restore ecosystems, safeguard natural areas, diversify economies and support local livelihoods. How can governments, and others, best support these community efforts, and better engage with local communities? Drawing on the experience of many local communities in conserving their environment while sustaining their livelihoods, a series of “lessons learned” are described – ones that can be relevant around the world”.

Watch Here (CCRN)

Themes
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Livelihoods

Addressing the climate change and poverty nexus: A coordinated approach in the context of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement

“A new report linking climate change and poverty was released at the COP25 climate meeting in Madrid. “Addressing the climate change and poverty nexus: A coordinated approach in the context of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement” shows how climate change responses can be improved when tied together with poverty reduction and food security. The report was written for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) by authors Anthony Charles, Daniela Kalikoski and Alison Macnaughton.”

Keep Reading (FAO)

Themes:
●  Climate & Environmental Changes ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Fishing For Equality and Sustainability

“Based on a report on gender and fisheries by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID has launched a Learning Initiative to study the linkages between women’s empowerment, access to finance and sustainable fisheries management.”

Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment

Empowering Women Fishers in the Arafura Sea

“SEANET Indonesia, a project being implemented by the Coral Triangle Center and TierraMar, with funding from the Australian Government, supports and empowers local fishing communities in Maluku Province by teaching them how to use and make sustainable fishing nets. Through the improved nets, they are able to increasing their fish catch, reduce bycatch of threatened species, and lessen their impact in their marine environment.”

Watch the Video (Coral Triangle Center)

Themes
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Livelihoods

Documenting with Video: Training Videos and Manual for Non-professional Video Producers

“To meet the broad need to support good video production, and storytelling, by all those engaged in community-focused and community-supporting research, we are pleased to provide this new learning resource – Documenting with Video – consisting of a manual and three videos. The focus is on three elements of video production; story, sound and video recording. All are covered in the manual, and each is the subject of one of the three videos.”

Keep Reading (CCRN)

Themes
● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Protected areas and bamboo corridors

“The good news is that giant panda numbers are increasing. Slowly but surely this remarkable species is edging away from the brink of extinction – thanks to a host of successful conservation projects.”

Keep Reading (World Wildlife Fund)

Themes
● Conserved Areas ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

How communities and their forests can thrive together

“A 10-year project in the East Usambara mountains of Tanzania improved the prospects for people and threatened forests.”

Keep Reading (World Wildlife Fund)

Themes:
● Places & Spaces ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment

Bwindi: bees, baskets and brilliant guided walks

“Tracking rare mountain gorillas is on the bucket list of many a traveller – both at the luxury end of the market and for backpackers. But what about the people who live in the same places as gorillas?”

Keep Reading (IIED)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Livelihoods

Community-based conservation offers hope for Amazon’s giant South American turtle

“Rural communities began protecting the threatened giant South American turtle (Podocnemis expansa) along a 1,500-kilometer (932-mile) stretch of the remote Juruá River in Brazil’s Amazonas state back in 1977 – becoming the largest community-based conservation management initiative ever conducted in the Brazilian Amazon.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes
● Conserved Areas ● Indigenous Issues ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Edge of the World

“A remote settlement in Greenland takes everyday steps to protect itself from the consequences of climate change.”

Keep Reading (World Wildlife Fund)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Places and Spaces ● Wildlife & Fisheries

A participatory market systems approach to sustainable livelihoods development

“Flora and Fauna International is pleased to announce publication of a set of learning documents and practical tools for taking a participatory market systems approach to sustainable livelihoods development in a conservation context.”
Keep Reading (IUCN)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Can rice husk briquettes stem the tide of mangrove deforestation in Myanmar?

“The importance of mangroves in mitigating disaster was emphasized after Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar in 2008, when communities were shielded by the swamp-like forests.”

Keep Reading (Mongabay)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Conserved Areas ● Livelihoods

Distributional impacts of fisheries subsidies and their reform – Case studies from Senegal and Vietnam

“Ongoing international negotiations on capacity enhancing fisheries subsidies may soon eliminate harmful subsidies. Although their negative ecosystem impacts are well known, their social dimensions are less understood. This paper investigates the distributional and equity dimensions of fisheries subsidies in two developing countries, Senegal and Vietnam, to understand how their provision or removal may affect different population groups.”

Keep Reading (IIED)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Livelihoods ● Wildlife & Fisheries

An indigenous community in Bolivia rallies to protect river turtles

“For the indigenous people living in Versalles, Bolivia—a tiny town nestled on the banks of the Itenez River amid millions of acres of pristine jungle—turtles are an important part of life. Even ancient myths and legends feature characters inspired by the Arrau turtle, including the river goddess Tatijana, who snatches bad people away in the middle of the night. Given the importance of turtles, it’s no surprise the people of Versalles feel blessed. The beaches outside of town may host the single largest river turtle hatchery of the entire Amazon.”

Keep Reading (World Wildlife Fund)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Wildlife & Fisheries ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Nakatuenita: Respect

We are delighted to announce the release of a major new film, Nakatuenita: Respect, a production of the Innu Nation and the Community Conservation Research Network (CCRN), produced by Trudy Sable and Richard Nuna, and directed, edited and with cinematography by Kent Martin.

“Everything has to do with respect. Respecting the animals, plants, people and life. Everything is connected.” ~ Richard Nuna

“The Innu Nation were among the last nomadic people in North America. Their homeland was a vast territory called Nitassinan in what is now Labrador, Canada. Pressured by the Church and Governments, the Innu were settled into communities in the mid 20th Century. The Churchill Falls Hydro Project flooded vast areas of their land without their permission. The communities fell into despair. Now the Innu are taking back control of their land, government, schools, social services – and their resources, which are overseen by the Environmental Guardians.”

Watch it (Community Conservation Research Network)

Themes:
● Indigenous Issues ● Places & Spaces ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Traditional Knowledge key in achieving Africa’s climate goals

“The further operationalization of LCIPP advances the Paris Agreement requirement that climate action should be based on and guided by, among others, traditional knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge.”

Keep Reading (IUCN-CEESP)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Climate Change & Environmental Change ● Indigenous Issues

Community-based responses to climate hazards

“Examining the patterns of community-level climate change adaptation and disaster mitigation across world regions shows that response diversity is lower in developing countries, and responses are less frequent in countries with low governance quality.”

Keep Reading (Community Conservation Research Network)

Themes
● Climate Change & Environmental Change ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Places & Spaces

Indigenous protected areas are the next generation of conservation

“The Dehcho First Nations Assembly designated these lands and waters, called Edéhzhíe (eh-day-shae), as an Indigenous protected area (IPA), designed and managed or co-managed by Indigenous communities.”

Keep Reading (The Conversation)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Indigenous Issues

A better life, together

“Locally led marine management inspiring hope for the future in Comoros.”

Keep Reading (Blue Ventures)

Themes:
● Factors of Success in Community Conservation ● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Places & Spaces

New Research Reveals Family Planning Is Associated With Enhanced Resilience

“New research indicates that family planning and use of maternal and child health facilities is positively associated with resilience. Resilience has a range of definitions and operates at different scales. It is generally understood as the ability of an individual, household, community, or system to cope with shocks by responding in ways that maintain their essential functions while expanding their capacity to adapt to change.”

Keep Reading (PRB)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Places and Spaces

Lessons for sustainable fisheries are hiding in plain sight

“Efforts to distil sustainability insights from grassroots innovations are growing in communities all over the world — and we need more. These ‘seeds’ provide valuable insights into how small communities and dedicated individuals can drive positive change.”

Keep Reading (The Conversation)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Community Conservation of Wildlife & Fisheries ● Livelihoods

Surinamese Women Transform Their Community with Solar Energy

“Ana Nantawi and Ketura Aparaka are two members of the Tepu community from an isolated indigenous village located in Southeast Suriname … they changed the lives of the Tepu villagers and kick-started a widely beneficial initiative in their remote indigenous village.”

Keep Reading (UNDP)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Communities come together to protect water and biodiversity

“This experience demonstrates the communities’ capability to coordinate their work to make changes in how they interact with nature and to establish a sustainable development model for future generations.”

Keep Reading (UNDP)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education & Empowerment ● Climate & Environmental Change ● Indigenous

Sweet Victory: Conserving Mangroves in Southern Thailand with Honey

“The Nai Nang community is located in the mangrove rich area of Krabi in Southern Thailand. A mangrove conservation group was established in 2003. The group aims to conserve and restore mangrove forests surrounding the village, as well as conserves the wild bee population and create livelihoods from the honey.”

Keep Reading (Mangrove Action Project)

Themes:
● Engagement, Education  & Empowerment ● Livelihoods ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

New guidance for freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin

“A recent assessment of the livelihoods value of freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin in Eastern Africa has demonstrated that freshwater plants and fishes are key to supporting community livelihoods.”

Keep Reading (IUCN-CEESP)

Themes:
● Wildlife ● Livelihoods ● Factors of Success in Community Conservation

Jaguars and Culture: Public Policies for Integrated Conservation in Mexico

“…we hope to establish the basis for jaguar conservation from a biocultural perspective, protecting the biological importance of this emblematic species as well as the tangible and intangible cultural elements that are part of the Mexican collective memory and cultural heritage.”

Keep Reading (IUCN-CEESP)

Themes
● Indigenous Issues ● Community Conservation of Wildlife &Fisheries ● Governance, Rights & Conflict

Madagascar’s Southern Region: A socio-economic, historic, cultural, political, anthropological and environmental analysis

“The Deep South” study walks us from the past to the present examining the evolution of the semi-arid lands of southern Madagascar. From trading to semi-nomadism to sedentary agriculture, the peoples of the region have adapted since their arrival. Rising populations, an unpredictable climate and limited access to lands, all pose ever greater challenges now and for the future.”
Keep Reading (IUCN-CEESP)

Themes:
● Climate & Environmental Change ● Places and Spaces ● Livelihoods

At the edge of Canada, climate change brings ‘ecological grief’ to Labrador Inuit

“For a people so deeply connected to the natural environment, many Inuit, particularly of the older generations, are experiencing a sense of loss over their eroding landscape.”

Keep Reading (Globe & Mail)

Themes:
● Climate and Environmental Changes ● Livelihoods ● Indigenous Issues

Ethiopia’s new forestry law: A win for landscapes and livelihoods?

“The 2018 National Forest Law – a revised version of the 2007 forest law – now clearly recognizes the rights of communities and acknowledges their role in managing natural forests and establishing plantations, without unduly compromising ecological services or biodiversity.”

Keep Reading (CIFOR)

Themes:
● Governance, Rights & Conflict ● Places and Spaces ● Livelihoods

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